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The effect of Alexander's dictatorship was to further alienate the non-Serbs from the idea of unity. Many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance. He decided to abolish Yugoslavia's historic regions, and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas. In fact, Italy and Germany wanted to revise the international treaties signed after World War I, and the Soviets were determined to regain their positions in Europe and pursue a more active international policy.Īlexander attempted to create a centralised Yugoslavia. None of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by Alexander I. However, Alexander's policies later encountered opposition from other European powers stemming from developments in Italy and Germany, where Fascists and Nazis rose to power, and the Soviet Union, where Joseph Stalin became absolute ruler. He imposed a new constitution and relinquished his dictatorship in 1931. He hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions. On 6 January 1929, King Alexander I got rid of the constitution, banned national political parties, assumed executive power, and renamed the country Yugoslavia. On 20 June 1928, Serb deputy Puniša Račić shot at five members of the opposition Croatian Peasant Party in the National Assembly, resulting in the death of two deputies on the spot and that of leader Stjepan Radić a few weeks later.
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This state dissolved when Montenegro and Serbia each became independent states in 2006, with Kosovo having an ongoing dispute over its declaration of independence in 2008. Eventually, it accepted the opinion of the Badinter Arbitration Committee about shared succession and in 2003 its official name was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. This state aspired to the status of sole legal successor to the SFRY, but those claims were opposed by the other former republics. From 1993 to 2017, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia tried political and military leaders from the former Yugoslavia for war crimes, genocide, and other crimes committed during those wars.Īfter the breakup, the republics of Montenegro and Serbia formed a reduced federative state, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), known from 2003 to 2006 as Serbia and Montenegro. After an economic and political crisis in the 1980s and the rise of nationalism, Yugoslavia broke up along its republics' borders, at first into five countries, leading to the Yugoslav Wars. Serbia contained two Socialist Autonomous Provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo, which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation. The six constituent republics that made up the SFRY were the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Croatia, SR Macedonia, SR Montenegro, SR Serbia, and SR Slovenia. In 1963, the country was renamed again, as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). Partisan leader Josip Broz Tito ruled the country as president until his death in 1980. It acquired the territories of Istria, Rijeka, and Zadar from Italy. Yugoslavia was renamed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1946, when a communist government was established. The monarchy was subsequently abolished in November 1945. In 1944 King Peter II, then living in exile, recognised it as the legitimate government. In 1943, a Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was proclaimed by the Partisan resistance. Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis powers on 6 April 1941. The official name of the state was changed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929. The kingdom gained international recognition on 13 July 1922 at the Conference of Ambassadors in Paris. Peter I of Serbia was its first sovereign. It came into existence after World War I in 1918 under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (which was formed from territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire) with the Kingdom of Serbia, and constituted the first union of the South Slavic people as a sovereign state, following centuries in which the region had been part of the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. ' South Slavic Land') was a country in Southeast Europe and Central Europe for most of the 20th century.
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Yugoslavia ( / ˌ j uː ɡ oʊ ˈ s l ɑː v i ə/ Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslavija / Југославија Slovene: Jugoslavija Macedonian: Југославија lit.